Impact Of Environmental Pollution On Health Environmental Sciences Essay

Impact Of environ solve forcetal Pollution On wellness Environ moral Sciences EssayThe paper lavishlylights push of surroundal defilement on Health. The hand over understand has been engrossn up in Tuticorin industrial town scope. take in industries numbering 12 established in the district. They are engaged in the production of cotton, staple yarn, caustic soda, PVC Resin, fertilizers, soda ash, carbon-di-oxide gas in liquid etc., The im larboardant pack industries are sterlite, SPIC, Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals, Dharangadhra chemicals work, Madura coats, Kilburn chemicals industries. The public area undertakings are the Thermal power unit (620mm), Heavy piddle plant, and port trust. The district contri neverthe littlees 70% of the come in salt production of Tamil Nadu and meets 30% of salt requirement of our country.A side from deficiencies in the life support system, men is milljected to a variety of environmental Hazards. Some of these are natural, but increasely en vironmental hazards result from mans activities and numbers. Some times manmade hazards are direct in their impact on other man. But they whitethorn be corroboratory in their influence, acting by dint of with(predicate) other biologic systems or overburdening the expertness of natural systems for re novelal, dispersion, or assimilation. The pastime factors can be used in categorizing environmental hazards. (1) Biological (2) chemical (3) Physical (4) Psychological and (5) Sociological.Hence to a greater tip than 12 major industries subscribe to established in and around Tuticorin. This becomes peerless of the source of advertise taint, water contamination, Noice pollution, in this area. airwave pollution may be broadly defined as the presence of one or to a greater extent contaminants like dust, smoke, must and odour. The atmosphere which are injurious to gentleman existences, plants and animals which unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property. Air pollution seriously damages benignant beings.Environmental sociology in the consider of the reciprocal interaction betwixt the physical environment, social organization, and social behaviour. indoors this approach, environment encomposses all physical and material bases of life in a surmount ranging from the most micro level to the biosphere. An important learning of this sub discipline was the shift from a sociology of environment to an Environmental sociology While the granger refers to the playing area of environmental issue through the lands of traditional sociology, the later encomposses the social environmental relations.A major challenge for the 21st Century is non the creation of wealth, but the management of wellspringness. Concern over the rapid depletion and adulteration of the Worlds biological resources and the implications of this loss on the global biosphere and human welfare film been mounting in recent classs. Loss and modification of e cosystems and habitats are occurring at an alarming rate, although it is much difficult to quantity or estimate on a global scale. The continuing loss of the biological wealth may leave us with a smaller and less varied monetary fund of global biological resources. The result may leave the human donjon and the future of the biosphere at risk. Development efforts along with modern warfare grant created an uneasy and irreparable environmental consequences, the world over. Human life and wellness are at great jeopardy and the burden of diseases and ill health raise questions on the development efforts in the pursuit of global successfulness and wealth.The environmental pollution and degradation may rise in ill-treat with such a rise in output, the result leading to an terrible environmental pollution and damage. Tens of millions more good deal may become spew or die each year from environmental causes. peeing shortages may become intolerable and tropical forests and other natu ral habitats may go under to a fraction of their current size. The earths sources are limited and so is the absorptive capacity of its sinks. Whether these limitations allow for hinder the step-up of human activity will depend on the scope for substitution, technical progress and structural change.environmental wellnessEnvironmental health can be defined as the aspect of public health that is with all external conditions such as all forms o life, substances, forces, conundrums and challenges and any other condition in the surroundings of man that that may extent an influence on mans health and well-being. disease in this sense re hand overs maladjustment of the human being to his environment.This rapid industrial growth has made water pollution, air pollution, and perilous pines pressing environmental problems in many areas of the growing world. Industrial emissions combine with vehicle exhausts to cause air pollution, while concentrations of heavy metals and ammonia loads are often high enough to cause major fish kills down- River from industrial areas. The lack of unsettled waste facilities compounds the problem with industrial wastes.The physical environment has a major influence on human health not lone(prenominal) through temperature, precipitation and composition of air and water but like clear-sighted through its interaction with the type and dispersal of the flora and fauna (the biological environment). The biological environment is a major influence on the viands write out and on the reservoirs and transmission mechanisms of, many diseases. The following gives the simplified illustration of these relationships.The scale and nature of human activities including agricultural, industrial, and energy production, the use and management of water and wastes, urbanization, the distribution of income and assets within and between countries, the quality of health and other public operate and the extent of protection of the living, working, and n atural environment.Environmental hazards to health fall into dickens broad categories. On the one side is the lack of accessibility to primary environmental resources like sanitation, water, fresh air, shelter and the like. On the other side is the exposure to hazardous environment. These hazards include biological agents viz., micro-organisms such as bacteria and viruses and parasites which contribute to the global burden of infectious disease, chemical pollutants, ultra empurpled radiation and the like which cause birth defects and damage the body claim system and which render people susceptible to a variety of health risks.Environmental ProblemEffect on HealthWater pollution and water scarcityMore than 2 million deaths and billions of illnesses a year ascribable to pollution, poor household hygiene and added health risks caused by water scarcity.Air pollutionMany acute and chronic health impacts lush matter levels arc responsible for 300,00 70,0,000 premature deaths annual ly and for half of childhood chronic diseases women and children in poor rural areas affected by smoke-filled indoor air.Atmospheric disastersPossible shifts in vector-borne diseases risks climatic natural diseases attributable to ozone changes depletion (perhaps 300,000 additional cases of skin cancer a year worldwide 1.7 (million cases of cataracts).Among the environmentally-based diseases water, food and oil borne diseases affect a majority of the world population. Diarrohea, Cholera and Hepahtis A and E have the clearest link to the environment and spread by both bacteria and virus. According to a WHO take apart, Diarrohea deaths were around 2.5 million in 1996. well-nigh 4 billion cases of diarrohea cause widespread debilitations each year.The nuclear development and use, the world over is a major threat to human health today. The radiation hazard arising from Extra Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field of between one and one hundred hertz (HZ) as well as the very High frequen cy fields of 147 MHZ, which can transform the outflow of calcium ions from the brain tissue of children, in particular with steady weakening resistance causes tumour formation in the human body.Health is a fundamental resource to individual and community and is a pre-requisite for their social, unearthly and physicalwell-being, the protection and preservation of which is dependent on the ecological status i of the environment and sustainable development.REVIEW OF LITERATUREAny systematic scientific inquiry has its foundation create up studies conducted in the Past. The main physical object of this chapter is to review the theoretical and empirical information available from similar or atleast related studies, such recapitulation could some as a solid ground for delin have an ideal conceptual theoretical account for the present study and it enables one to account the past trends in any particular branch of science. Also it helps the tec to get more clarity on the subject to b e studied.STUDIES ON environmental ISSUESMitch William (1993) describing the emerging field of ecological engineering, define it as the formulate of human society with its natural environment for the benefit of both. The concept pertains more to managing the natural environment rather than the typical engineering domain of the built environment. Gives examples such as the Biosphere project, constructed wetlands sewage treatment systems, water hyacinth river pollution control, and fish production and wetlands systems are examples of ecological engineering.R.R. Barthwal (2002) reports that environmental degradation depends on the nature of the industrial development projects and the technology involved its size status and the time taken to implement them. All industrial projects need not be taken as producers of equal beneficial or disconfirming results. Some industries produce only beneficial results only with limited contrary impact. In contrast some produce adverse living condi tions but beneficial economically likewise.Holmes Hannah (1991) describes the environmental effects, including resource use and pollution, and of meat consumption. He, also mentions human health effects and notes that vegetarianism is more environmentally beneficial, promotes better health, and is less expensive than meat eating. This paper gives general recommendations to preventing pollution by eating less meat and more plant products. It includes charts and sources for more information.Hawken Paul (1993) claims that the socially responsible corporation is a have-your-cake-and-eat-it- alike myth. The authors agenda for reform includes adjusting the price of goods to conjecture true environmental and other social costs incrementally replacing the present U.S. tax system with revenue-neutral green fees rearranging the linear industrial economy into a nature-mimicking cyclical system industrial ecology designing for decomposition, closed-loop reuse/recycling, and toxic materials st ewardship restoring the balance between commerce (business sector) and the guardian (government) and shifting from electronic literacy to biologic literacy.STUDIES ON HEALTHAndersson and Marks (1989) looks at itinerarys in which state, class and health may be related in Southern Africa. The region provides useful comparisons because of the bleakness of the relationships between class, race, disease patterns and health care in much of the sub-continent the contrary types of state and class structure and the changes in ideology and to some extent health practice came with the political independence of some of its component parts.Balasubramanian (1995) analyses the information on the health of the people and the economic conditions in some(prenominal) developing countries. This paper calls attention to the urgent need internationally for a new approach to mobilize the interests, commitments and resources of a broader constituency of support for the poor.Schindler, Kunzli, Bongard, Leuenberger, Karrer, Rapp, Monn, Ackermannliebrich, (2001) made a study on 3,900 nonsmoking adults from eight areas of Switzerland that represent a range of urbanization, air pollution, altitude, and survive conditions. In this study, researchers obtained three different measures of lung function and compared the results with prior days measurements of ozone, total suspended particulates, and nitrogen dioxide. Daily average concentrations of ozone were significantly associated with mean respiratory function measures during the summer months.RESEARCH DESIGNThe objectives of the study from the wider socio-economic perspective focalization on environmental hygiene practices among the selected in Tuticorin town. Based on the enclose objectives some appropriate hypotheses are formulated. It is also discussed the methodology and frame work of study in terms of the nature of study variables used, sampling method, entropy collection process, entropy analysis procedure operational def inition of detect concepts and limitations.OBJECTIVESThe following objectives are framed for the purpose of the present studyTo study the socio-economic life of the respondents in Tuticorin townTo analyse the problems of environment in the study areaTo study the respondents behaviour on household sanitation and environmental hygiene practices in the study area.To study the respondents behaviour on environmental and common property resource management practices in the study areaTo light upon out the defects and problems in the existing environment hygiene and pique at their lifeTo put forth suitable suggestions to improve the respondents environment protection for healthy life.METHODOLOGYThis study attempts to examine the respondents behaviour on environmental hygiene and sanitation practices by making an experiment in Tuticorin town, Tamil Nadu. This study deals with environmental hygiene issues relating to environmental pollution and its impact on land, water, health etc., This study analyses the extent to which urban people have knowledge of environment and sensory faculty. It analyses their behaviour on environmental conservation and preservation. It outlines the respondents awareness of various environmental hygiene and sanitation issues and measures.It is generally an alpha framework of identifying the awareness of among urban people about environmental issues along with their action-oriented activities to observe and conserve rural environment in particular. Thus, this study is partly searching in nature. Thus it constitutes the analytical aspect of the study. Hence, this study is partly exploratory in nature and partly analytical in nature.Pilot studyThe researchers have conducted a pilot burner study in Tuticorin town. The pilot study was conducted by employing an interview schedule in the month of October 2005. Also, the result of the pilot study has enabled the researcher reframe the tools for info collection.SamplingThe area was selected on a clustered basis, but the data was collected by using of round-eyed random sampling method. The sample size of this study is 400 respondents.Among the several area of Tuticorin town the researcher selected six areas such as spik Nagar, Thermal Nagar, Mattakkadai, Threshipuram, New Bus stand, Old Bus stand and shield in Tuticorin town. The selection areas were quite relevant from the point of view of the analyze environmental hygiene practice among the households. These areas were located in and around river belts and also has the concentration of a large number of highly dangerous and polluting industries. Further, people of this area have traditional customs and practices.Data collectionThe data collection was carried out December, 2009. The researcher has revisited the study areas in the month of bunt 2010 with view to collect supplementary data as required by foreign examiner. Besides, secondary data relating to the district profile and other data in Panchayat Raj are coll ected during field study visits.CONCEPTSThe following concepts are operationally defined for the purposes of the present study.ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONIt refers to the situation of various forms of land degradation, various forms of water pollution, occurrence of noise pollution and occurrence of air pollution and their consequence on the well being of the local people.SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUSIt refers to caste status, occupational status, educational status and income status of the respondents and they are taken as independent variables for the purpose of the present study.ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESSIt refers to knowledge of the rural households on pollution and pollutants and their effects on life support system. It includes knowledge of hygienic practices, sanitation practices, environmental health care measures and so on.ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESIt refers to ways and means of undertaking environmental preservation and conservation measures like sanitation, health care activities, solid wa ste management, maintenance of environmental resources.LIMITATIONSThe findings of this study are applicable only to selected areas only mid it is not applicable to the entire areas of Tuticorin. This study covers only environment related aspects and studying of all aspects of hygiene and sanitation is not doable at the level of an individual researcher due to constraints imposed by money, time, energy and efforts.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe unquestionable process of research findings, data analysis, data interpretation and logical arguments are discussed. This chapter starts with the socio-economic background of the households followed by information quest behaviour, information use pattern, information sharing behaviour, data search behaviour and so on for statistical analysis. All tabular data and statistical analysis are presented in this chapter.Table 1Sex wise distribution of the respondentsS. No.SexNo. of RespondentsPer cent1.Male30172.252. womanly9924.75Total400100The high er up table shows that the majority 301 (72.25 %) of the respondents were male, the remaining 99 (24.55%) of them were female. It inference that the majority of the male were ready to action replay for the problem of environmental pollution.Table 2IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL contaminationS. No.Name of the DiseaseNo. of RespondentsPer cent1.Skin diseases37193.002. nerve irritation38095.003.Asthuma15338.004.Deftness29875.005.Allergy31278.006.Unhygienic conditions39098.007.Respiratory problems39398.008.Cancer92.009.Hypertension9123.00The above table prove the impact of environmental pollution an account of establishment of hazard industry such as Kilburn chemical industries, Sterlite Copper Plant, Thermal power plant, Spic Industries, Heavy Water Plant and Madura Coats, in this regard they replayed that an account of the establishment of the above hazardous industries, the majority 371 of the respondents approach the problems of skin diseases, 380 of them were veneering the problem of eye irritation, 153, of the faced the problem of Asthuma 298 of them were facing the problem of deftness 312 of them facing the problem of allergy, 390 of the facing the problems of unsanitary conditions, 393 of the facing problem of respiratory problem, 7 of the were facing the problem of cancer and 91 of them were facing the problem of hypertension.The inference drawn from above discussion is that the majority of the respondents facing the problem likes in diseases, eye irritation, deftness, allergy, unhygienic condition respiratory problems and diarriah.CONCLUSIONIndustrial disposals and other chemical contaminates that encrypt waterways through agricultural runoff, storm water drains, and industrial discharges may stop in the environment for long periods and be transported by water or air over long distances. They disturbed the function of the endocrine system, resulting in reproductive, developmental, and manneral problems. The endocrine disrupters reduced the fertility and increased the occurrence of cool it births, birth defects, and hormonally dependent Cancers such as breast, testicular, and prostate cancers. The effects on the developing nervous system can include impaired mental and psychomotor development, as well as cognitive impairment and behavior abnormalities and pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics and synthetic sex hormones from contraceptives. The GOs and NGOs should take effective stairs to clean and green the streets, schools, public safety, etc. Even though its unmistakable that society stands to benefit from such things, people have always struggled to find some sensible, acceptable way to pay for them. This perennial wrangle. Far on the right, they tell us that self-interested private ownership is the fairest and most efficient way to assign resources.The developing countries like India should be instrumental in breeding societal concerns about environmental problems. The scientists should contribute in ways to increasing scienti fic input in public policy. The governmental agencies, as members of nonionic scientific bodies such as the National Academy of Sciences, and as researchers in universities and environmental nongovernmental organizations or, conversely, in industries. There are some debates about whether too much or too little science is reflected in actual policy making few will deny that significant human and institutional resources are expended in an effort to make scientific analyses responsive to policy needs. Therefore, an appropriate forum like scientists, academicians, policy makers and panchayat raj institutions should take effective step to protect environment in all aspects.